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Hiring in Sudan? Read on to find out the employment norms (like taxes, payroll and benefits) and EOR (Employer on Record) norms in Sudan.
Employment Norms in Sudan
Sudan is a country located in northeastern Africa. It is a favored destination for immigrants due to its welfare rules and regulations. It draws a large number of talented individuals from around the globe. EOR services partner with employers to bridge the gap and guarantee legal compliance. It also aids employee management.
General Information:
- The Sudan currency is the Sudanese Pound
- Khartoum is the capital of Sudan.
- Arabic and English are the official languages of Sudan. Documentation can be done in both Arabic and English.
- As of 2022, the GDP of Sudan was reported to be USD 173 billion.
South Sudan has labor and employment laws. It applies to both residents and foreigners.
Table of Contents
- Agreements
- Onboarding Process
- Visa
- Minimum Wage
- Payroll Cycle
- Annual Bonus
- Health Benefits
- Working Hours and Overtime
- Leaves
- Social Security
- Taxes for Employers
- Taxes for Employees
- Probation
- Termination
- Severance Pay
- Employees or Contractors
- Final Words
AgreementsOnboarding ProcessVisaMinimum WagePayroll CycleAnnual BonusHealth BenefitsWorking Hours and OvertimeLeavesSocial SecurityTaxes for EmployersTaxes for EmployeesProbationTerminationSeverance PayEmployees or ContractorsFinal Words
Agreements
- The organization must write and set employment contracts longer than three months. The employment contract is written in three copies. One copy is sent to the agency of employment. The employer and the employee must sign and keep the remaining two copies.
- If there is no written agreement between the parties, the employee may prove his claim using proof acceptable to both parties.
- Agreements are written in either Arabic or English. The jurisdictions recognize both languages. The contract needs to be written according to the situation and the desires of both parties.
- The notice period during contract termination must be fair and predetermined.
Onboarding Process
- In Sudan, there are no specific laws governing the onboarding procedure. However, the entire procedure might take 7–14 days.
- Employers can check employees' backgrounds, and both parties can sign contracts or agreements
- Before starting work, certain mandatory documents must be presented:
- A legitimate government-issued picture ID
- Permit to work (if applicable)
- Additional paperwork related to the job that the company has asked for.
Visa
Sudan has three types of work permits:
Employment visa: To work in Sudan, foreigners must acquire an employment visa.
Business visa: To visit Sudan for business purposes and attend exhibitions or commercial events. Proof of the individual's business is required, and the visa remains valid for up to three months.
Tourist visa: To visit Sudan for recreational purposes, foreigners must obtain a tourist visa.
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Minimum Wage
The minimum wage in Sudan is 425 Sudanese Pounds per month, applicable to all workers.
Payroll Cycle
In Sudan, the standardized payroll cycle is monthly.
Annual Bonus
Employers don't need to provide an annual bonus to employees. Companies can provide performance bonuses as per their compensation package.
Health Benefits
- Sudan has two types of health insurance available: Social Health Insurance (SHI) and Private Health Insurance (PHI).
- Employers in the formal sector are obligated to contribute to the National Health Insurance Fund (NHIF).
- It is voluntary for employers in the informal sector and small companies with ten or fewer employees to have NHIF.
Working Hours and Overtime
- Work hours: In Sudan, either 48 hours a week or 8 hours daily.
- Break: Half an hour per day for eating or resting. No employee can be made to work for more than four consecutive hours.
- Overtime: Employees in Sudan can work up to 4 hours a day or 12 hours per week. Overtime is compensated as follows:
- 1.5 times their regular wage per hour on regular working days.
- Twice their regular wage per hour on official holidays.
Leaves
The employees in Sudan are entitled to different types of leaves based on their contracts:
Sick leaves: An employee gets 12 days for a year of continuous service. The company pays the entire salary for the initial three months. It's a partial payment for three months and unpaid after nine months.
Parental leaves: Female employees can get fully paid maternity leave. The leave includes before and after the confinement certified by a doctor, four weeks each, or only two weeks before and six weeks after if preferred. However, paternity leave is not mandatory.
Annual leaves: Employees in Sudan are entitled to paid annual leave for each year of their service. Employees who take two years of annual and unused leave days can receive half of their payroll as compensation. In the event of termination, employees are entitled to full financial compensation for unused annual leave days
- 1-3 years of service: 21 days of annual leave
- 3-15 years of service: 25 days of annual leave
- 15+ years of service: 30 days of annual leave
Public Holidays (for the Calendar year 2023)
- Independence Day (1st January)
- Coptic Christmas (7th January)
- Coptic Easter (16th April)
- Eid-Ul-Fitr (22nd to 25th April)
- Eid-al-Adha (28th June to 2nd July)
- Muharram (19th July)
- Prophet Muhammad's Birthday (27th September)
- Christmas Day (25th December)
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Taxes for Employers
- Many employers will manage the taxes using the PAYE (pay-as-you-earn) system if you have a permanent job in Sudan. This implies that they will calculate and process your taxes in Sudan before sending you a net wage.
- The corporate income tax rates in Sudan are a sum of social security and health insurance with:
- 17% for social security contribution
- 8% for health insurance contribution.
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Taxes for Employees
In Sudan, employment income, all business profits, real estate leasing revenue, and personal income from all sources are all taxable to residents.
- Only income with a Sudanese source is taxed for non-residents.
- In most cases, employment income is taxable unless it is exempt.
- Leasing income, other investment income, and business gains made by a person through their trade or profession are all taxable.
- Personal income as well as corporate and professional earnings are taxed at progressive rates ranging from 5% to 15%.
- Real estate lease income and other non-regular income are taxed at a 10% rate
Like the employers in Sudan, employees shall also pay for their social security and health insurance funds:
- 8% for social security contribution
- 4% for health insurance contribution.
Employees are also required to pay income tax on their earnings. The tax rates are determined by the employee's income level. The higher earners pay a more significant percentage of their income as tax. The tax slab is charged as follows:
- Those earning income (SDG) per year are taxed at a rate of -
- Up to 3000: 0%
- 3001 - 6000: 5%
- 6001 - 10000: 10%
- Over 10001: 15%
Probation
- The probationary period shall not exceed three months.
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Termination
- Several factors can lead to the termination of an employment contract. An employee's contract may be terminated if they do not complete assignments on time and with due diligence. An additional reason for termination may be an inability to work again owing to illness.
Severance Pay
According to the 1990 Social Security Act, an employee who worked for not less than three years shall enjoy a severance pay:
- For service of 3-10 years, a basic monthly wage for every year of service.
- For more than ten years, 1.5 times the basic monthly wage per year from five years.
- Beyond 15 years of service, it should be 1.75 times the basic wage per additional year. But this should not exceed the basic wage for 36 months.
Employees or Contractors
- In Sudan, people can be employed as full-time or contractors. They are on a payroll and avail benefits like annual leave, overtime pay, probationary period, sick leave, public holidays, maternity leave, severance pay, and notice period.
Final Words
In Sudan, the line separating the formal and unofficial economies is diminishing. Urban areas' formal economy has slowed down, and city migration has increased. This has given an immense opportunity for business expansion. EOR services provide a simple means to avail of this opportunity.
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